The Potential of Stem Cells is Enormous的潛力，幹細胞是巨大的
Stem cells are a hot topic, but what are they?幹細胞是一個熱門話題，但它們是什麼呢？ Stem cells are considered by many to be the key to curing disease.幹細胞是許多人認為是關鍵所在，以固化的疾病。
Many different cells make up our bodies — our bones, heart, skin, hair.許多不同的細胞，彌補我們的身體-我們的骨骼，心臟，皮膚，毛髮。 But when you think about stem cells, think about basics.但是當你想一想，幹細胞，想一想，基本知識。 Stem cells are cells from which other types of cells can develop.幹細胞是細胞從其他類型的細胞可以發展。 But that’s just the start.但是，這僅僅是開始。 They’re the body’s master cells.他們是人體的主細胞。 They start out “neutral,” but can become every kind of body tissue.他們開始了“中立” ，而是可以成為每一個種人體組織。 It’s called “differentiation.”它的所謂“分化” 。
Under the right conditions, stem cells can divide and renew themselves for long periods.在適當的條件下，幹細胞可以分化和更新自己長時間。 And the best ones are from embryos.和最佳的是從胚胎。 One source of stem cells has been embryos.一的幹細胞來源一直胚胎。
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a human egg that has been fertilized in vitro in a laboratory.胚胎幹細胞是來自人類的卵子已經受精，在體外培養的一個實驗室。 Within five days the human embryo, which is a microscopic ball of cells, is destroyed to obtain the inner cell mast. 5天內，人類胚胎，這是一個微觀球細胞，是銷毀，以獲取內細胞肥大。
That inner cell mast can be developed into different types of cells in the human body and multiplies easily in cell culture.內肥大細胞可以發展成不同類型的細胞在人體內，並乘以很容易在細胞培養。
Adult stem cells are found in mature tissue, such as the umbilical cord, brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood and blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin and liver.成人幹細胞被發現在成熟的組織，如臍帶，腦，骨髓，外周血和血管，骨骼肌，皮膚和肝臟。
While adult stem cells are throughout the human body, it can be gleaned only in limited qualities and scientists have been unsuccessful in multiplying these cells in culture.而成人幹細胞是整個人體，它可以收集，只有在有限的素質和科學家一直不成功，在成倍增加，這些細胞在文化。 This is important as large amounts of cells are needed for stem cell replacement therapies.這是很重要的，因為大量的細胞所需要的幹細胞替代療法。
However, the potential benefits of stem cell replacement therapy with adult cells derived from the patient means the cells would not be rejected by the immune system.不過，潛在好處的幹細胞替代療法與成人細胞取自病人是指細胞不會拒絕的免疫系統。
Donor embryonic stem cells have not been tested for rejection in humans; such reactions can be treated only with immunosuppressive drugs.捐助者的胚胎幹細胞沒有經過測試，為排斥反應的人類;這種反應是可以治療，只有與免疫抑制藥物。
“The earlier it is in life the more plasticity, the more potential and more variation that that cell can deliver,” said University of Illinois at Chicago stem cell researcher Brenda Russell, Ph.D. “較早前，這是在生活中更多的可塑性，更多的潛力和更多的變化，這種細胞可以提供，說： ”位於芝加哥的伊利諾斯大學幹細胞研究布倫達羅素，博士研究生
The potential of stem cells is enormous.的潛力，幹細胞是巨大的。 Those that generate into muscle cells could possibly repair a damaged heart; pancreatic cells could cure diabetes; or nerve cells could treat Parkinson’s, spinal-cord injuries and strokes.那些產生到肌肉細胞可能修復受損的心臟;胰腺細胞可以治療糖尿病;或神經細胞可以治療帕金森，脊髓損傷和中風。
