In a major breakthrough in stem cell research, researchers in Swinbourne University have found that stem cells can be used in various diseases like heart disease, brain damages, creating new organs and even heredity diseases.在一個重大突破，在幹細胞研究，研究人員在swinbourne大學發現，幹細胞，可用於各種疾病一樣，心髒病，腦損害，創造新的機關，甚至遺傳疾病。 However researchers also said that they have to find ways to create ideal environment in which the cells can work properly.不過研究人員也表示，他們必須找到辦法，創造理想的環境，在其中的幹細胞可以正常工作。 Researchers are still working on it.研究人員仍在努力。 Little larger than a microscope slide, the microfluidic chips will contain tiny bioreactors, fed by microfluidic ‘plumbing’ that will supply controlled quantities of nutrients and cell growth factors from on-board reservoirs, mimicking the natural milieu in which stem cells replicate and differentiate into other cell types in the body’s tissues and organs– sources said.很少大於一個顯微鏡，投影片，微流控芯片將包含微小生物反應器，美聯儲微'水管' ，將供應，控制數量的營養物質和細胞生長因子，從上板水庫，模仿自然的氛圍中，幹細胞複製和分化成其他類型的細胞在人體的組織和器官源說。

Professor Gu, of the researcher team,said that their aim is to design the cell in a way that can be used by all and can be maintained at almost no cost.顧教授，研究員團隊，說他們的目標是設計細胞的方式，所有人都能使用，並能維持在，幾乎沒有成本。 Prof Gu says the chips will help researchers determine the conditions required to maintain embryonic and adult stem cells in an undifferentiated state, and how to control their differentiation into other cell types.顧教授說，這種芯片將有助於研究人員確定所需要的條件，以維持胚胎和成人幹細胞在一未分化狀態，以及如何控制它們分化成其他類型的細胞。 Microfluidic chips will allow researchers to conduct complex experiments under highly controlled conditions that would normally require costly, large-scale cell-culture equipment and monitoring devices.微流控芯片將允許研究人員進行複雜的實驗下的高度控制的條件，通常需要昂貴的，大規模的細胞培養設備和監控裝置。

The technique, called two-photon ionisation focuses a high-energy femtosecond pulse laser into the target substrate material which can be made from metal, glass or polymers.技術，所謂的雙光子電離的重點是一高能量飛秒脈衝激光器到目標基板材料，這可以從金屬，玻璃或聚合物。 At the point where the laser beam is focused the energy from the laser ionises the material, effectively removing it from the substrate.在這一點而激光束聚焦在能源，從激光ionises材料，有效地消除它從襯底。 This method enables microscopic resolution features to be fabricated in the substrate which can be used as a master mold from which multiple copies can be replicated.這種方法使微觀決議的特點是捏造的，在襯底上，這可被用來作為掌握模具從哪個多個副本可以複製。 Professor Gu says the femtosecond lasers can also etch tiny optical gratings or 3D photonic crystals into the material that are extremely sensitive to optical changes in the cell microenvironment, such as changing temperatures, pH levels or other conditions in the bioreactor – including changes in the cells themselves.顧教授說，飛秒激光器也可以蝕刻微小光學光柵或三維光子晶體的成材料是極其敏感的光學變化，在細胞微環境，如改變溫度， pH值或其他條件，在生物反應器-其中包括改變在細胞自己。 Researchers also said that the research can be fruitful for commercial purpose also as drug developers can test experimental drug on stem cells or differentiated cell lines.研究人員還表示，該項研究成果可作商業用途，也作為藥物開發人員可以測試實驗性藥物對幹細胞的分化或細胞系。
Source : Swinburne University 資料來源 ：斯威本大學大學