A report on embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiation, with potential implications for future regenerative therapies published by a team of researchers primarily from the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT.一份報告，對胚胎幹細胞（ ES細胞）分化，有潛在的影響，為未來的再生治療領域發表的一個研究小組，主要是由廣大學院的哈佛和麻省理工學院。

Every cell in the human body contains the same genes, but the cells in a particular type of tissue will only have the master regulatory genes associated with that tissue type activated and will have other master regulatory genes deactivated.每個細胞在人體內含有相同的基因，但細胞在某一特定類型的組織只具備碩士調控基因，與該組織型激活，並會有其他大師調控基因的失活。 ES cells have the potential to become any other type of tissue cell, but how they do so is not clear and is essential if treatments are to be developed from research.胚胎幹細胞有潛力成為任何其他類型的組織細胞，但他們是如何做到的，所以並不清楚，是必不可少的，如果治療是要發展，從研究。

This process of activating master regulatory genes is facilitated by chromatin, a histone protein structure that contains a cell’s DNA.這個過程中的激活掌握調控基因是促進染色質，組蛋白的蛋白質結構包含一個細胞的DNA 。 If there is a methyl group anchored in a certain place on one histone protein, the gene nearby is activated (known as the K4 state).如果有一個甲基組停靠在某一個地方一組蛋白的蛋白質，這種基因附近被激活（稱為該k4狀態） 。 Conversely, if the methyl group attaches itself to another part of the protein, the gene is deactivated (known as the K27 state).反過來說，如果甲基組必須重視自己另一部分的蛋白質，這種基因失活（稱為該k27狀態） 。

“What we found was that [mouse ES cells] have a chromatin signature that other cells don’t have—they have both a K4 and K27 signature, which was surprising because we thought they were mutually exclusive,” said Bradley E. Bernstein, assistant professor of pathology at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and the lead author of the study. "我們發現， [小鼠ES細胞]有一個染色質簽字其它細胞沒有，他們都有k4和k27簽字，這是不足為奇的，因為我們還以為它們是相互排斥的，說： "布拉德利體育伯恩斯坦助理教授病理在美國馬薩諸塞州總醫院和哈佛醫學院，並帶頭研究報告的作者。

“For genes, this is equivalent to resting one finger on the trigger,” said Stuart L. Schreiber, Loeb professor and chair of the department of chemistry and chemical biology and an author of the study, in a statement. "對於基因，這等於休息一個指頭，就觸發，說： "斯圖爾特屬施，勒布教授，並主持該部的化學與化學生物學以及這項研究的作者之一，在一份聲明中表示。

“This approach could be a key strategy for keeping crucial genes quiet, but primed for when they will be most needed.” "這種做法可能是一個重大戰略，為保持關鍵基因沉默，但引，因為當他們將最需要的" 。

While the discovery does not in and of itself explain how an ES cell differentiates itself, it provides hints for the mechanisms that might guide this process.而發現並沒有和他自己是如何解釋的一個胚胎幹細胞區別於，它提供線索的機制可能引導這一進程。

Moreover, the discovery of these “bivalent chromatin structures” may have important implications for branches other than stem cell medicine as well.此外，在發現這些"雙價染色質結構" ，可產生重要影響分行以外的其他幹細胞醫學等。

“I think that understanding how these sorts of bivalent structures contribute to the unique potential of these kind of cells has important implications not only for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, but for cancer and other diseases where chromatin misregulation or deregulation is involved,” Bernstein said. "我認為，如何了解這些形形色色的雙價結構作出貢獻的獨特潛力，這些種細胞具有重要意義，不僅為幹細胞生物學和再生醫學，但對癌症和其他疾病如染色質misregulation或放鬆管制，涉及到"伯恩斯坦說。

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